Government by Discussion: Deliberation, Media, and Policy-Making

This paper studies whether parliamentary deliberation affects policy-making, and whether its effects depend on public exposure. Using quasi-random variation from the computerized ballot that determines which policies are discussed during Question Hour in the Indian Parliament, we show that debated issues are more likely to appear in subsequent bills and that related bills progress faster through the legislative process. These effects are substantially stronger when debate receives media coverage. Reductions in news attention cut the policy impact of debate by roughly half, implying that public exposure is an important mechanism through which deliberation shapes policy.